@article {1295881,
	title = {Galectin-3 is an amplifier of the interleukin-1β-mediated inflammatory response in corneal keratinocytes},
	journal = {Immunology},
	volume = {154},
	number = {3},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Jul},
	pages = {490-499},
	abstract = {Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent mediator of innate immunity commonly up-regulated in a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases. When bound to its cell surface receptor, IL-1β initiates a signalling cascade that cooperatively induces the expression of canonical IL-1 target genes such as IL-8 and IL-6. Here, we present galectin-3 as a novel regulator of IL-1β responses in corneal keratinocytes. Using the SNAP-tag system and digitonin semi-permeabilization, we show that recombinant exogenous galectin-3 binds to the plasma membrane of keratinocytes and is internalized into cytoplasmic compartments. We find that exogenous galectin-3, but not a dominant negative inhibitor of galectin-3 polymerization lacking the N-terminal domain, exacerbates the response to IL-1β by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The activity of galectin-3 could be reduced by a novel d-galactopyranoside derivative targeting the conserved galactoside-binding site of galectins and did not involve interaction with IL-1 receptor 1 or the induction of endogenous IL-1β. Consistent with these observations, we demonstrate that small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of endogenous galectin-3 expression is sufficient to impair the IL-1β-induced secretion of IL-8 and IL-6 in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent manner. Collectively, our findings provide a novel role for galectin-3 as an amplifier of IL-1β responses during epithelial inflammation through an as yet unidentified mechanism.},
	issn = {1365-2567},
	doi = {10.1111/imm.12899},
	author = {Uchino, Yuichi and Woodward, Ashley M and Mauris, J{\'e}r{\^o}me and Peterson, Kristoffer and Verma, Priya and Nilsson, Ulf J and Rajaiya, Jaya and Arg{\"u}eso, Pablo}
}
