@article {1351130,
	title = {Driving with hemianopia: III. Detection of stationary and approaching pedestrians in a simulator},
	journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
	volume = {55},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jan 20},
	pages = {368-74},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare blind-side detection performance of drivers with homonymous hemianopia (HH) for stationary and approaching pedestrians, initially appearing at small (4{\textdegree}) or large (14{\textdegree}) eccentricities in a driving simulator. While the stationary pedestrians did not represent an imminent threat, as their eccentricity increased rapidly as the vehicle advanced, the approaching pedestrians maintained a collision course with approximately constant eccentricity, walking or running, toward the travel lane as if to cross. METHODS: Twelve participants with complete HH and without spatial neglect pressed the horn whenever they detected a pedestrian while driving along predetermined routes in two driving simulator sessions. Miss rates and reaction times were analyzed for 52 stationary and 52 approaching pedestrians. RESULTS: Miss rates were higher and reaction times longer on the blind than the seeing side (P \&lt; 0.01). On the blind side, miss rates were lower for approaching than stationary pedestrians (16\% vs. 29\%, P = 0.01), especially at larger eccentricities (20\% vs. 54\%, P = 0.005), but reaction times for approaching pedestrians were longer (1.72 vs. 1.41 seconds; P = 0.03). Overall, the proportion of potential blind-side collisions (missed and late responses) was not different for the two paradigms (41\% vs. 35\%, P = 0.48), and significantly higher than for the seeing side (3\%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In a realistic pedestrian detection task, drivers with HH exhibited significant blind-side detection deficits. Even when approaching pedestrians were detected, responses were often too late to avoid a potential collision.},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Automobile Driving, Computer Simulation, Female, Hemianopsia, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Vision, Binocular, Visual Fields, Visual Perception, Young Adult},
	issn = {1552-5783},
	doi = {10.1167/iovs.13-12737},
	author = {Alberti, Concetta F and Peli, Eli and Bowers, Alex R}
}
