@article {1363257,
	title = {Development of an audio-based virtual gaming environment to assist with navigation skills in the blind},
	journal = {J Vis Exp},
	number = {73},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Mar 27},
	abstract = {Audio-based Environment Simulator (AbES) is virtual environment software designed to improve real world navigation skills in the blind. Using only audio based cues and set within the context of a video game metaphor, users gather relevant spatial information regarding a building{\textquoteright}s layout. This allows the user to develop an accurate spatial cognitive map of a large-scale three-dimensional space that can be manipulated for the purposes of a real indoor navigation task. After game play, participants are then assessed on their ability to navigate within the target physical building represented in the game. Preliminary results suggest that early blind users were able to acquire relevant information regarding the spatial layout of a previously unfamiliar building as indexed by their performance on a series of navigation tasks. These tasks included path finding through the virtual and physical building, as well as a series of drop off tasks. We find that the immersive and highly interactive nature of the AbES software appears to greatly engage the blind user to actively explore the virtual environment. Applications of this approach may extend to larger populations of visually impaired individuals.},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Audiovisual Aids, Blindness, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Play and Playthings, Software, User-Computer Interface, Young Adult},
	issn = {1940-087X},
	doi = {10.3791/50272},
	author = {Connors, Erin C and Yazzolino, Lindsay A and S{\'a}nchez, Jaime and Merabet, Lotfi B}
}
