@article {1364565,
	title = {S100B serves as a Ca(2+) sensor for ROS-GC1 guanylate cyclase in cones but not in rods of the murine retina},
	journal = {Cell Physiol Biochem},
	volume = {29},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012},
	pages = {417-30},
	abstract = {Rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase (ROS-GC1) is a bimodal Ca(2+) signal transduction switch. Lowering [Ca(2+)](i) from 200 to 20 nM progressively turns it "ON" as does raising [Ca(2+)](i) from 500 to 5000 nM. The mode operating at lower [Ca(2+)](i) plays a vital role in phototransduction in both rods and cones. The physiological function of the mode operating at elevated [Ca(2+)](i) is not known. Through comprehensive studies on mice involving gene deletions, biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electroretinograms and single cell recordings, the present study demonstrates that the Ca(2+)-sensor S100B coexists with and is physiologically linked to ROS-GC1 in cones but not in rods. It up-regulates ROS-GC1 activity with a K(1/2) for Ca(2+) greater than 500 nM and modulates the transmission of neural signals to cone ON-bipolar cells. Furthermore, a possibility is raised that under pathological conditions where [Ca(2+)](i) levels rise to and perhaps even enter the micromolar range, the S100B signaling switch will be turned "ON" causing an explosive production of CNG channel opening and further rise in [Ca(2+)](i) in cone outer segments. The findings define a new cone-specific Ca(2+)-dependent feature of photoreceptors and expand our understanding of the operational principles of phototransduction machinery.},
	keywords = {Animals, Calcium, Cyclic GMP, Enzyme Activation, Guanylate Cyclase, Immunohistochemistry, Light Signal Transduction, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Nerve Growth Factors, Receptors, Cell Surface, Retinal Bipolar Cells, Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells, Rod Cell Outer Segment, S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit, S100 Proteins, Synaptic Membranes},
	issn = {1421-9778},
	doi = {10.1159/000338496},
	author = {Wen, Xiao-Hong and Duda, Teresa and Pertzev, Alexandre and Venkataraman, Venkateswar and Makino, Clint L and Sharma, Rameshwar K}
}
