@article {1364596,
	title = {Associated signs, demographic characteristics, and management of dacryocystocele in 64 infants},
	journal = {J AAPOS},
	volume = {16},
	number = {3},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Jun},
	pages = {255-60},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To describe the incidence of associated infection, respiratory compromise, apparent intranasal cyst, as well as sex, laterality, and age at presentation in 64 infants with dacryocystocele and to assess characteristics associated with successful interventions. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients with dacryocystocele seen at Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Boston between 1996 and 2010 was performed. Inclusion criteria were accuracy of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up at our institution. Interventions were divided into 3 categories: procedures that did not require general anesthesia; simple procedures requiring general anesthesia, such as nasolacrimal probing with or without stent or balloon dilation; and more complex procedures under general anesthesia, specifically, those aided by intranasal endoscopy. RESULTS: Of the 90 identified patients, 64 met inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were female (63\%) and had unilateral involvement (77\%). More than one-half of all patients were successfully treated without anesthesia; however, patients presenting with infection were more likely to be treated with a simple procedure under general anesthesia. All patients treated endoscopically had intranasal cysts. Age, sex, and infection did not predict the use of intranasal endoscopy. Bilaterality of dacryocystocele was associated with the use of an endoscopic approach. CONCLUSIONS: Many infants with dacryocystocoele can be successfully treated without general anesthesia. The incidence of occult intranasal cyst among those treated without endoscopy remains unknown. Patients who were treated under general anesthesia but without the use of nasal endoscopy were more likely to have an infected system, but the clinical significance of this association is not clear.},
	keywords = {Anesthesia, General, Catheterization, Endoscopy, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases, Male, Mucocele, Nasolacrimal Duct, Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures, Retrospective Studies, Stents, Tomography, X-Ray Computed},
	issn = {1528-3933},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jaapos.2012.01.004},
	author = {Dagi, Linda R and Bhargava, Ankit and Melvin, Patrice and Prabhu, Sanjay P}
}
