@article {1435414,
	title = {Comorbidity of dementia and age-related macular degeneration calls for clinical awareness: a meta-analysis},
	journal = {Br J Ophthalmol},
	volume = {103},
	number = {12},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019 Dec},
	pages = {1777-1783},
	abstract = {AIM: To determine the association between dementia and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, PsycInfo and Cochrane database of systematic reviews for studies published from March 1959 to March 2018. We included cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies that evaluated the association of dementia/Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease (AD) with AMD (as outcome) and the association of AMD with dementia/AD (as outcome). Studies that compared cognitive functions between AMD and controls were also included. The summary outcomes, namely odds ratio (OR), relative risk, mean differences and corresponding 95\% CIs, were estimated using random effects models. We performed sensitivity analysis based on study quality and individual study effect to control for potential biases. RESULTS: Among 2159 citation records, we identified 21 studies consisting of 7 876 499 study subjects for meta-analysis. Patients with dementia (p<=0.017, OR>=1.24, I<=9\%) or AD (p=0.001, OR=2.22, I=50\%) were at risk for AMD, particularly for late AMD (p\&lt;0.001, OR=1.37, I=0). AMD was also significantly associated with increased risk of AD/cognitive impairment (p=0.037, OR=2.42, I=38\%). Moreover, patients with AMD had poorer cognitive functions when compared with controls, including Mini-Mental State Examination (p\&lt;0.001, I<=79\%) and Trail Making Test A (p\&lt;0.001, I=0). Sensitivity analysis and Egger{\textquoteright}s test indicated our results were less likely biased. CONCLUSIONS: A significant association between dementia/AD and AMD calls for greater clinical awareness. The cost-effectiveness of routine screening for the other condition in patients with primary diagnosis of dementia/AD or AMD requires further study.},
	issn = {1468-2079},
	doi = {10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313277},
	author = {Rong, Shi Song and Lee, Bo Yee and Kuk, Andrew K and Yu, Xin Ting and Li, Suki S and Li, Jian and Guo, Yanjun and Yin, Yilin and Osterbur, David L and Yam, Jason C S and Cheung, Carol Y and Chen, Li Jia and Wong, Tien Y and Ng, Danny Siu-Chun}
}
