@article {1538328,
	title = {Endoscopic endonasal resection of orbital schwannoma assisted with small-incision medial orbitotomy: case series and surgical technique},
	journal = {Orbit},
	volume = {40},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 Dec},
	pages = {536-542},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To describe a surgical approach for the resection of schwannomas occurring in the medial aspect of the orbit and to review a series of patients who underwent this novel technique. METHODS: This retrospective, non-comparative case series presents the surgical technique and outcomes of patients who underwent removal of a medial orbital schwannoma via an endoscopic endonasal approach combined with a small-incision medial orbitotomy by a team of two surgeons (BSB and SKF). Patient demographics, pre- and post-operative clinical examination findings, visual field testing, and radiographic studies were reviewed. Operative reports were reviewed for technical details and complications. RESULTS: The patients included a 12 year-old male, 73 year-old female and 8 year-old male. Indications for surgery included: decreased visual acuity, diplopia, proptosis and Humphrey visual field (HVF) deficit, in the presence of a medial orbital biopsy-proven schwannoma. The surgical approach in all three patients was primarily endoscopic endonasal. Additionally, two had transcaruncular orbitotomies and one had a small-incision medial lid crease orbitotomy to assist with lateral tumor dissection. Tumor resection was complete in one case and near-total in two cases. There were no intra-operative surgical complications. Average resected specimen volume was 3.41 cm3\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;2.20. All patients had post-operative improvement in visual acuity (VA) and proptosis. Post-operative follow-up intervals were 27.5\&nbsp;months, 12.3\&nbsp;months and 3.5\&nbsp;months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Resection of orbital schwannomas using an endoscopic endonasal approach with small-incision medial transorbital assistance is a safe and effective option for a multidisciplinary surgical team.},
	keywords = {Aged, Child, Endoscopy, Exophthalmos, Female, Humans, Male, Neurilemmoma, Orbit, Retrospective Studies},
	issn = {1744-5108},
	doi = {10.1080/01676830.2020.1832123},
	author = {Pennington, Justin D and Bleier, Benjamin S and Freitag, Suzanne K}
}
