@article {1623348,
	title = {TheraPearl Eye Mask and Blephasteam for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: a randomized, comparative clinical trial},
	journal = {Sci Rep},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 Nov 17},
	pages = {22386},
	abstract = {Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the most common cause of dry eye disease (DED). In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of eyelid warming treatment using either TheraPearl Eye Mask (Bausch \&amp; Lomb Inc., New York, USA) or Blephasteam (Spectrum Thea Pharmaceuticals LTD, Macclesfield, UK) in a Norwegian population with mild to moderate MGD-related DED. An open label, randomized comparative trial with seventy patients (49 females, 21 males; mean age 53.6\&nbsp;years). Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with Blephasteam (n = 37) or TheraPearl (n = 33). All received a hyaluronic acid based artificial tear substitute (Hylo-Comod, Ursapharm, Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany). Patients were examined at baseline, and at three and six months initiation of treatment. Treatment efficacy was primarily evaluated by fluorescein breakup time (FBUT) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores. Other outcome measures included ocular surface staining (OSS), Schirmer{\textquoteright}s test, and meibomian quality and expressibility. Baseline parameter values did not differ between the groups. After six months of treatment, Blephasteam improved FBUT by 3.9\&nbsp;s (p \&lt; 0.01) and OSDI by 13.7 (p \&lt; 0.01), TheraPearl improved FBUT by 2.6\&nbsp;s (p \&lt; 0.01) and OSDI by 12.6 (p \&lt; 0.01). No difference between treatments was detected at 6 months (p = 0.11 for FBUT and p = 0.71 for OSDI), nor were there differences in the other tested parameters between the treatment groups. Blephasteam and TheraPearl are equally effective in treating mild to moderate MGD in a Norwegian population after 6-months of treatment.Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03318874; Protocol ID: 2014/1983; First registration: 24/10/2017.},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-01899-8},
	author = {Olafsson, Jonatan and Lai, Xiaoran and Landsend, Erlend Christoffer Sommer and Olafsson, Snorri and Parissi, Eric and Utheim, {\O}ygunn A and Raeder, Sten and Badian, Reza A and Lagali, Neil and Dartt, Darlene A. and Utheim, Tor P}
}
