@article {1638557,
	title = {Risk factors for glaucoma drainage device revision or removal using the IRIS Registry},
	journal = {Am J Ophthalmol},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022 Apr 02},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To elucidate risk factors for revision or removal of glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) in glaucoma patients in the United States. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: IRIS{\textregistered} Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) patients who underwent GDD insertion between 01/01/2013 and 12/31/2018 were included. Various demographic and clinical factors were collected. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival plots, Cox proportional-hazard models utilizing Firth{\textquoteright}s Penalized Likelihood (CRFPL), and multivariate linear regression models were used. The main outcome measures were hazard ratios (HRs) and beta coefficient (β) estimates. RESULTS: 44,330 distinct patients underwent at least one GDD implantation, and 3,354 of these underwent subsequent GDD revision or removal surgery. With failure defined as GDD revision/removal, factors significantly associated with decreased failure included unknown race (HR=0.83; p=0.004) and unknown ethnicity (HR=0.68; p\&lt;0.001). Factors associated with increased risk of GDD revision/removal surgery included presence of chronic angle closure glaucoma (HR=1.32; p\&lt;0.001) and dry eye disease (HR=1.30; p=0.007). Additionally, factors associated with a decreased average time (in days) to GDD revision/removal included male sex (β=-25.96; p=0.044), unknown race (β=-55.28; p=0.013), and right-eye laterality (β=-38.67; p=0.026). Factors associated with an increased average time to GDD revision/removal included having a history of a past eye procedure (β=104.83; p\&lt;0.001) and being an active smoker (β=38.15; p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: The size and scope of the IRIS Registry allows for detection of subtle associations between risk factors and GDD revision or removal surgery. Aforementioned demographic and clinical factors may all have an impact on GDD longevity and can inform the treatment options available for glaucoma patients.},
	issn = {1879-1891},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ajo.2022.03.029},
	author = {Hall, Nathan E and Chang, Enchi K and Samuel, Sandy and Gupta, Sanchay and Klug, Emma and Tobias Elze and Lorch, Alice C and Miller, Joan W and Sol{\'a}-Del Valle, David}
}
