@article {1655703,
	title = {LGBTQ+ Identity and Ophthalmologist Burnout},
	journal = {Am J Ophthalmol},
	volume = {246},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023 Feb},
	pages = {66-85},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and other sexual/gender minority (LGBTQ+) orientation as a burnout risk factor among an international ophthalmologist cohort. METHODS: An anonymous, cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed via an Internet platform to characterize the relationship among demographic factors, including LGBTQ+ orientation, and burnout as measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Univariable data analysis (linear) by sexual orientation was performed and variables with an association with a P value of \&lt;0.15 in univariable analysis were included in the multiple linear regression modeling. RESULTS: A total of 403 ophthalmologists participated in the survey. The majority self-identified as "White" (69.2\%), were from North America (72.0\% United States, 18.6\% Canada) and were evenly distributed between age of 30 and 65 years. Overall, 13.2\% of participants identified as LGBTQ+ and 98.2\% as cisgender. Approximately 12\% had witnessed or experienced LGBTQ+-related workplace discrimination or harassment. The personal and work-related burnout scores and confidence limits of persons identified as LGBTQ+ were higher and nonoverlapping compared with those reported as non-LGBTQ+. Multivariable analysis identified significant risk factors for higher personal and work-related burnout scores: LGBTQ+ (11.8 and 11.1, P\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;.0005 and .0023), female gender (5.36 and 4.83, P\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;.0153 and .0434), older age (19.1 and 19.2, P\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;.0173 and .0273). and caretaker stress (6.42 and 5.97, P\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;.0085 and .0239). CONCLUSIONS: LGBTQ+ orientation is a burnout risk factor among ophthalmologists, and LGBTQ+ workplace discrimination may be a contributing factor. Support from ophthalmology organizations to address LGBTQ+-, gender-, and age-related workplace discrimination may decrease burnout. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Burnout, Psychological, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gender identity, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ophthalmologists, Sexual Behavior, United States},
	issn = {1879-1891},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ajo.2022.10.002},
	author = {Chang, Ta C and A, Rafael and Candelario, Calderon and Berrocal, Audina M and Brice{\~n}o, C{\'e}sar A and Chen, Jenny and Shoham-Hazon, Nir and Berco, Efraim and Sol{\'a}-Del Valle, David and Vanner, Elizabeth A}
}
