@article {541356,
	title = {A Case Series and Review of Bisphosphonate-associated Orbital Inflammation},
	journal = {Ocul Immunol Inflamm},
	volume = {24},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {134-9},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To report the largest series of new cases to date of bisphosphate-associated orbital inflammation.

METHODS: A retrospective case review of patients with orbital inflammation following treatment with systemic bisphosphonate.

RESULTS: Six patients over an 18-month period (2 males, 4 females) with an average age of 62.2 years had onset of orbital inflammatory symptoms 1-11 days after intravenous bisphosphonate infusion or, in 1 case, 4 weeks after initiation of oral bisphosphonate therapy. Imaging revealed diffuse orbital involvement in 3 cases, isolated lateral rectus muscle involvement in 2 cases, and superior rectus-levator involvement in 1 case. Two patients{\textquoteright} symptoms resolved spontaneously within 2 weeks, and 3 responded rapidly and completely to corticosteroid therapy. The 1 patient on oral bisphosphonate had a slower but complete response to corticosteroid treatment.

CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the association between acute orbital inflammation and recent treatment with systemic bisphosphonate medication.},
	keywords = {Aged, Alendronate, Bone Density Conservation Agents, Diphosphonates, Female, Humans, Imidazoles, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Orbital Cellulitis, Orbital Pseudotumor, Remission, Spontaneous, Retrospective Studies},
	issn = {1744-5078},
	doi = {10.3109/09273948.2014.942747},
	author = {Lefebvre, Daniel R and Mandeville, John T and Yonekawa, Yoshihiro and Arroyo, Jorge G and Torun, Nurhan and Freitag, Suzanne K}
}
