@article {669311,
	title = {Risk of Retinal Neovascularization in Cases of Uveitis.},
	journal = {Ophthalmology},
	volume = {123},
	number = {3},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Mar},
	pages = {646-54},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk of and risk factors for retinal neovascularization (NV) in cases of uveitis. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with uveitis at 4 US academic ocular inflammation subspecialty practices. METHODS: Data were ascertained by standardized chart review. Prevalence data analysis used logistic regression. Incidence data analysis used survival analysis with time-updated covariates where appropriate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence and incidence of NV. RESULTS: Among uveitic eyes of 8931 patients presenting for initial evaluation, 106 of 13 810 eyes had NV (prevalence\&nbsp;= 0.77\%, 95\% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-0.90). Eighty-eight more eyes developed NV over 26\&nbsp;465 eye-years (incidence, 0.33\%/eye-year; 95\% CI, 0.27-0.41). Factors associated with incident NV include age \&lt;35 years compared with \&gt;35 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.4; 95\% CI, 1.5-3.9), current cigarette smoking (aHR, 1.9; 95\% CI, 1.1-3.4), and systemic lupus erythematosus (aHR, 3.5, 95\% CI, 1.1-11). Recent diagnosis of uveitis was associated with an increased incidence of NV (compared with patients diagnosed \&gt;5 years ago, aHR, 2.4 [95\% CI, 1.1-5.0] and aHR, 2.6 [95\% CI, 1.2-6.0] for diagnosis within \&lt;1 year vs. 1-5 years, respectively). Compared with anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis (aHR, 3.1; 95\% CI, 1.5-6.6), posterior uveitis (aHR, 5.2; 95\% CI, 2.5-11), and panuveitis (aHR, 4.3; 95\% CI, 2.0-9.3) were associated with a similar degree of increased NV incidence. Active (aHR, 2.1, 95\% CI, 1.2-3.7) and slightly active (aHR, 2.4, 95\% CI, 1.3-4.4) inflammation were associated with an increased incidence of NV compared with inactive inflammation. Neovascularization incidence also was increased with retinal vascular occlusions (aHR, 10, 95\% CI, 3.0-33), retinal vascular sheathing (aHR, 2.6, 95\% CI, 1.4-4.9), and exudative retinal detachment (aHR, 4.1, 95\% CI, 1.3-13). Diabetes mellitus was associated with a somewhat increased incidence of retinal NV (aHR, 2.3, 95\% CI, 1.1-4.9), and systemic hypertension (aHR 1.5, 95\% CI, 0.89-2.4) was associated with nonsignificantly increased NV incidence. Results were similar in sensitivity analyses excluding the small minority of patients with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal NV is a rare complication of uveitis, which occurs more frequently in younger patients, smokers, and those with intermediate/posterior/panuveitis, systemic vasculopathy, retinal vascular disease, or active inflammation. Inflammation and retinal NV likely are linked; additional studies are needed to further elucidate this connection.},
	issn = {1549-4713},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.056},
	author = {Patel, Apurva K and Newcomb, Craig W and Liesegang, Teresa L and Pujari, Siddharth S and Suhler, Eric B and Thorne, Jennifer E and Foster, C Stephen and Jabs, Douglas A and Levy-Clarke, Grace A and Nussenblatt, Robert B and Rosenbaum, James T and Sen, H Nida and Artornsombudh, Pichaporn and Kothari, Srishti and Kempen, John H and Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Diseases Research Group}
}
