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Yadav P, Jakobiec FA, De Castro DK, Mendoza PR, Fay A.
Extruded, partially disintegrated, poly-HEMA orbital implant (AlphaSphere). Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2014;30(4):e86-91.
AbstractA 54-year-old diabetic man underwent enucleation for endophthalmitis. Secondary implantation of a 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) sphere (AlphaSphere, Addition Technology) was performed 2 weeks later. Six weeks after insertion, noninfectious disintegration of sutured tissue planes represented by Tenon's capsule, rectus muscle, and conjunctiva occurred, requiring removal of the fragmenting implant before uncontrolled extrusion occurred. Histopathologic analysis revealed an absence of infectious pathogens and no tissue necrosis, but rather breakup of the implant material that elicited a granulomatous response with sparse T-lymphocytes and almost no polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This distinctively designed poly-HEMA orbital implant incited a dramatic and irreversible host tissue response. Investigation of other cases will be necessary to determine the frequency of such a complication and should include rigorous histopathologic techniques.
Yadav P, De Castro DK, Waner M, Meyer L, Fay A.
Vascular anomalies of the head and neck: a review of genetics. Semin Ophthalmol 2013;28(5-6):257-66.
AbstractPURPOSE: Vascular anomalies comprise malformations, hemangiomas, and rare tumors. The commonality among these lesions is their origin in vascular endothelia. Most occur sporadically, but occasional inheritance is observed and thus allows genetic research and insight into etiology. This review highlights those vascular anomalies in which genetic inheritance has been demonstrated. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed. Fifty-five full-length articles were reviewed. RESULTS: Five categories of vascular anomalies with patterned inheritance were identified: arteriovenous malformation (AVM), capillary malformation (CM), lymphatic malformation (LM), venous malformation (VM), and infantile hemangioma (IH). Capillary and arteriovenous malformation subtypes are associated with a RASA-1 gene mutation and show autosomal dominant inheritance. VEGFR3 mutations have been associated with generalized forms of LM and lymphedema. Mutations in TIE2/TEK genes cause inherited forms of venous malformations also with autosomal dominant inheritance. Familial clustering and atopic disease are associated with infantile hemangioma, and gene expression varies with the developmental stage of these lesions. CONCLUSION: Most vascular anomalies occur sporadically, but several genes and genetic disorders have been associated with them. Specific forms of capillary malformation appear to be most convincingly associated with genomic errors. Further research promises new insights into the development of this diverse group of disorders.
Yao WC, Sedaghat AR, Yadav P, Fay A, Metson R.
Orbital Decompression in the Endoscopic Age: The Modified Inferomedial Orbital Strut. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016;154(5):963-9.
AbstractOBJECTIVE: Postoperative diplopia occurs in up to 45% of patients following orbital decompression for exophthalmos associated with Graves' orbitopathy. We sought to describe outcomes of our balanced orbital decompression strategy that includes the preservation of a modified inferomedial orbital strut (mIOS). STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 115 consecutive orbital decompressions were performed on 73 patients (42 bilateral) with Graves' orbitopathy. All patients underwent (1) a balanced decompression technique incorporating an endoscopic medial and external lateral decompression and (2) a mIOS technique with preservation of the anterior half of the inferomedial orbital strut. A periorbital periosteal (orbital) sling was utilized in patients (n = 54) without threatened vision loss, proptosis >28 mm, or periorbital disruption to prevent prolapse of the medial rectus muscle. RESULTS: Utilization of the mIOS technique with or without a sling did not adversely affect the reduction in proptosis (5.1 mm with sling vs 5.0 mm without sling; P = .85).The incidence of new-onset postoperative diplopia was 17% (n = 6). The sling was not associated with postoperative diplopia (odds ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.08-3.40, P = .51), while it was associated with resolution of preexisting diplopia (odds ratio = 6.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-42.06, P = .04). No intraoperative complications occurred, and no patients suffered a decrement in visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Balanced orbital decompression utilizing a mIOS in patients with Graves' orbitopathy provides a safe and effective reduction in proptosis with a low rate of new-onset diplopia as compared with historical values. Utilization of an orbital sling may be beneficial in reducing postoperative diplopia in select patients.
Yoon MK, Kelly HR, Freitag SK, Marneros AG, Barshak MB, Brackett DG.
Case 12-2021: A 78-Year-Old Man with a Rash on the Scalp and Face. N Engl J Med 2021;384(16):1553-1562.
Yoon MK, Habib LA.
Spheno-Orbital Dermoid Masquerading as Recurrent Orbital Abscess. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021;37(6):e213-e215.
AbstractA 10-month-old girl presented with eyelid edema and erythema that did not improve with systemic antibiotics. Due to a lack of improvement, MRI was performed to avoid ionizing radiation from CT. An orbital abscess was recognized and drained. However, the abscess recurred 2 times. CT scan was performed and a tract in the sphenoid bone helped to diagnose a congenital dural sinus tract with dermoid. Definitive surgery was performed with neurosurgery to remove the entire tract including cutaneous connection. CT scan proved critical to diagnosis and should be considered in infants in select cases despite the concern for ionizing radiation in this vulnerable age group.
Yoon MK, Jakobiec FA, Mendoza PR.
Canaliculops: clinicopathologic features and treatment with marsupialization. Am J Ophthalmol 2013;156(5):1062-1068.e1.
AbstractPURPOSE: To report the features of the rare and under-recognized condition of canaliculops (or canaliculocele) of the eyelid, which is a dilation of the canaliculus, and to evaluate treatment with marsupialization. DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS: The records of 2 patients with canaliculops from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary were reviewed. Data collected included clinical history, surgical technique, histopathologic analysis, and comparative immunohistochemical analysis of a range of cytokeratins in normal conjunctival epithelium, normal canalicular epithelium, and canaliculops epithelium. RESULTS: Two women, 53 and 66 years of age, experienced chronic, noninflammatory, painless medial eyelid and eyelid margin fluctuant swelling after earlier trauma or eyelid surgery. The external mass was accompanied by a whitish opalescent or bluish discoloration of a palpebral surface bulge. Biopsy revealed multilaminar (up to 12 cells thick), nonkeratinizing, tightly packed small squamous epithelial cells that surmounted a highly regimented basal layer with a picket fence arrangement. No goblet cells or subepithelial inflammation were present. Immunohistochemistry revealed only superficial CK7 immunostaining and positive patchy suprabasilar CK17 staining in the canaliculops epithelium, contrasting with their full-thickness positivity and negativity, respectively, in normal conjunctival epithelium. Marsupialization achieved resolution of the condition in each patient. CONCLUSIONS: An improved awareness of the normal canalicular epithelial structure and its immunohistochemical features can definitively separate canaliculops from conjunctival cysts. Previous treatment of canaliculops has involved complete excisions. Canaliculops may, however, be effectively treated with less invasive marsupialization while obtaining an adequate biopsy specimen for histopathologic diagnosis.
Yoon MK, McCulley TJ.
Secondary tarsoconjunctival graft: a modification to the Cutler-Beard procedure. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2013;29(3):227-30.
AbstractPURPOSE: The Cutler-Beard procedure is a commonly used technique to reconstruct large upper eyelid defects. Eyelid retraction and entropion are common complications. To prevent these problems, the authors modified the traditional Cutler-Beard procedure with secondary placement of an autologous tarsoconjunctival graft. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 2 patients with large upper eyelid defects necessitating upper eyelid reconstruction. The initial stage is unaltered. At the time of flap division, a tarsoconjunctival graft from the contralateral upper eyelid is sutured to the posterior surface of the newly constructed upper eyelid. Two patients underwent this procedure, and follow up was 4 and 23 months, respectively. Patients developed no postoperative complications, including entropion or retraction. CONCLUSIONS: This modification to the Cutler-Beard operation is a technically simple procedure that can restore a more anatomically correct eyelid and can prevent subsequent entropion or retraction. This technique is unique, offering 3 major advances: first, placing the graft at the second surgical stage; second, replacing the tarsus and conjunctiva with like tissue; and third, preserving a lip of conjunctiva to cover the edge of the newly reconstructed upper eyelid.
Yoon MK, McCulley TJ.
Autologous dermal grafts as posterior lamellar spacers in the management of lower eyelid retraction. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2014;30(1):64-8.
AbstractPURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of autologous postauricular dermal grafts as posterior lamellar spacing material in patients with lower eyelid retraction. METHODS: At a tertiary care institution, 10 eyelids of 10 patients (7 men, 3 women; mean 56 years, range 24-78) who underwent repair of lower eyelid retraction using a postauricular dermal graft between July 2008 and December 2010 were retrospectively assessed. Data collected included patient demographics, etiology of retraction, and surgical history. Outcome measures included preoperative and postoperative eyelid position and surgery-related complications. RESULTS: Postoperative results were favorable: mean preoperative inferior scleral show was 3.3 ± 2.6 mm compared with 0.3 ± 1.2 mm postoperatively, p = 0.004 (paired t test). Mean follow up was 39.2 weeks (range 12-94). Complications included keratinization of the graft with vellus hair growth (n = 1) and ectropion (n = 1), both corrected with minor surgical interventions. One patient achieved overcorrection but declined further treatment. No donor site complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest postauricular dermal grafts are effective posterior lamellar spacers in the correction of eyelid retraction. They have adequate rigidity whilst maintaining sufficient pliability to mold to the globe. Resorption, common to acellular dermis matrix allografts and xenografts, was not encountered. Donor site complications were not encountered. Complications shared with other material include overcorrection and ectropion. Complications unique to autologous dermis include keratinization and hair growth.
Yoon MK, Parsa AT, Horton JC.
Skull thickening, paranasal sinus expansion, and sella turcica shrinkage from chronic intracranial hypotension. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013;11(6):667-72.
AbstractIn children or young adults, the morphology of the skull can be altered by excessive drainage of CSF following placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. In Sunken Eyes, Sagging Brain Syndrome, gradual enlargement of the orbital cavity occurs from low or negative intracranial pressure (ICP), leading to progressive bilateral enophthalmos. The authors report several heretofore unrecognized manifestations of this syndrome, which developed in a 29-year-old man with a history of VP shunt placement following a traumatic brain injury at the age of 9 years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed typical features of chronic intracranial hypotension, and lumbar puncture yielded an unrecordable subarachnoid opening pressure. The calvaria was twice its normal thickness, owing to contraction of the inner table. The paranasal sinuses were expanded, with aeration of the anterior clinoid processes, greater sphenoid wings, and temporal bones. The sella turcica showed a 50% reduction in cross-sectional area as compared with that in control subjects, resulting in partial extrusion of the pituitary gland. These new features broaden the spectrum of clinical findings associated with low ICP. Secondary installation of a valve to restore normal ICP is recommended to halt progression of these rare complications of VP shunt placement.
